ipsa

The principle of res ipsa loquitur is a special evidence rule or doctrine in Anglo-American tort law.

内容提要：事实自证制度是英美侵权法中的一项特殊的证据制度和证据学说。

Principle of res ipsa loquitur is one system in British and American law of torts. It belongs to the presumption of facts not that of evidence in the process of judicial judgment.

不言自明制度是英美侵权法上的一项制度，属于司法裁判过程中对于事实的推定而非证据法上的推定，它不同于举证责任倒置；

Res ipsa loquitur proven method has its advantages in handling damages in medical tort cases.

事实自证的证明方式在处理医疗侵权损害赔偿案件中有其优势。

Res ipsa loquitur does not normally entail a presumption of the defendant's fault, nor a shift in the burden of proof.

事实自证制度通常并不涉及对被告过错的推定，也不必定导致举证责任的倒置。

The IPSA model solves the Navier-Stokes equations of each phase with the interphase interactions between two phases of water and air, including the interphase drag forces, interphase lift forces, interphase pressure and virtual mass forces.

IPSA模型对每一相求解N-S方程，并考虑水-气体两相间的相间相互作用，包括相间阻力、相间升力、相间压力和虚质量力。

The parabolic two-phase flow conservation equations are presented using HFC-134A as the refrigerant. Also described is the IPSA algorithm, important in modeling non-equilibrium effects.

采用HFC-134A作为制冷工质，以两流体数值模型为基础，建立抛物线型守恒方程作为编程计算的基本方程。

Inter-Phase-Slip Algorithm method ( IPSA) is used to solve N-S equations, while turbulence is considered with modified k-e model.

气流场采用修正的k-ε湍流模型进行计算，采用相间滑移数值方法（IPSA）求解全流场的N-S方程；