Then, EDWA is optimized based on gain characteristics from waveguide length, doping concentration, pump power and signal power.

The gain properties of EDWA can be investigated in each step with the help of multi-level rate equations.

对每一传输步长结合多能级速率方程计算出EDWA中光场传输强度分布，及掺铒光波导放大器的增益传输特性。

Selecting suitable erbium ions concentration is the key of fabricating EDWA.

同时看到，选择合适的铒离子浓度是制作掺铒玻璃波导放大器的关键；

Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifier ( EDWA): Technology and Application

掺铒波导放大器（EDWA）技术及其应用

In the paper, filter of EDWA for gain flatting is expounded from design of coating system, technics of monitor and the produce or testing of sample.

本文分别从膜系设计、监控工艺以及滤光片制作与测试等方面阐述了掺铒光波导放大器增益平坦滤光片的研究和制作过程。

The main noise source of EDWA amplified spontaneous emission ( ASE) is also discussed here.

此外，本文还对掺铒光波导放大器的主要噪声来源&放大的自发辐射跃迁进行了分析。

The formation and microstructure of intermetallic surfacing layers acquired by light beam heating Ni and Al mixed powder were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDXS and microhardness.

采用X射线衍射、SEM、EDXS及显微硬度等方法，研究了光束堆焊Ni，Al混合粉末制备的金属间化合物涂层的成形和微观组织特征。

Then, the effects of heat treatment and temperature on the chemical composition and sheet resistance of the prepared films were investigated by XRD, EDXS and sheet resistance measurements.

利用X射线衍射和能量散射X射线能谱表征方法，并结合薄膜方块电阻的测定，探讨了热处理方式和热处理温度对薄膜化学组成及薄膜电阻的影响。

The OECD is an international organization that developed from the Organization for European Economic Co-operation ( EECD), which was created in1948.

经济发展合作组织（OECD）是由1948年创立之欧洲经济合作组织发展而来之一个国际性组织。

The equivalent enthalpy drop method ( EEDM) is a partial quantitative analytical method for energy-saving analysis of thermodynamic system, the main point is to calculate the extraction equivalent enthalpy. Extraction equivalent enthalpy is traditionally considered to be a serial method and not suitable for parallel calculation.

等效焓降方法是热力系统节能分析的一种局部定量分析方法，其核心是抽汽等效焓降的计算，抽汽等效焓降的传统算法是一种串联算法。

All of above have made the analysis method based on the EEDM equation more strict and scientific. In local quantitative analysis of auxiliary system, from the point of view of" merging first, and then analyzing", the conception of a virtual thermal system is proposed.

与传统分析方法不同，在辅助系统局部定量分析中，提出了先归并，后分析的分析思想，并由此提出虚拟热力系统的概念。

Therefore, the paper constructs the virtual thermal system, which is adapted to EEDM equation, and proposes the universal expression rules of each auxiliary steam-water component.

构建了适合EEDM方程应用的虚拟热力系统，确定了各类辅助汽水成分在EEDM方程中的通用表达规则。

Users-Group Dynamic Simulation of Thermal Circulate Condition in Heating Systems with Metering; EEDM Equation of the Thermo-economic Analysis for Cogeneration Unit

计量供热下户群热力工况的动态模拟供热机组热力系统热经济性分析的EEDM方程

EEDM Equation of the Thermo-economic Analysis for Cogeneration Unit

供热机组热力系统热经济性分析的EEDM方程

This article introduced the Xinhua molybdenum ore acts according to many year mining practice, How through many times bold improvement, Caused the molybdenum ore to find one to suit in oneself mine characteristic mining method, From this and obtains the huge economic efficiency.

本文介绍了新华钼矿根据多年的采矿实践，怎样通过多次的大胆改进，使钼矿找到了一条适合于自己矿山特点的采矿方法，并由此取得巨大的经济效益。

Freedom to act or judge on one's own.

根据自己的判断决定行为的自由。

It has to possess marketplace outstanding achievement and the market vitality act on one's own to develop, and initiatively achieve the government target in the way of the market means.

它要有自己的市场业绩和市场活力，在市场上能够自主发展，能够主动地用市场的方法去实现政府的目标。

Moreover, effective teaching should promote students to study the transition of the way, develop the learning ability that students act on one's own, cooperate, probe into, improve students' learning efficiency;

再次，有效教学要促进学生学习方式的转变，发展学生自主、合作、探究的学习能力，提高学生的学习效率；

Isometric pedes articulation plantar flexion is adopted for this study, the author makes observation and analysis on character of eEMG ( evoking electromyogram) H wave and M wave while soleus muscle experiences fatigue.

采用等长性足关节底屈运动形式，对比目鱼肌疲劳发生过程中诱发肌电图的H波和M波变化特征进行观察分析。

Utilizing the Relative Standard Deviation ( R.S.D.) to analysis the stability of EEMs of the same phytoplankton, and the Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA) to analysis the difference of the EEMs of different phytoplankton.

取得的成果如下：1.以相对标准偏差（R.S.D）对同种浮游植物的荧光光谱的稳定性进行分析，方差分析对不同浮游植物的荧光光谱进行分析。

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter ( CDOM) solutions at different concentrations were prepared to study the effects of CDOM concentration on excitation emission matrix spectrum ( EEMS) and synchronous fluorescence spectrum ( SFS).

用自制的海水有色可溶性有机物（CDOM）干粉配制不同质量浓度的水溶液，研究其对三维荧光光谱（EEMS）和同步荧光光谱（SFS）的影响。