Michels spontaneously used the political psychology analysis approach and the political groups analysis approach in the course of reasoning the oligarchical tendencies of modem democracy.

The essence of oligarchical rule is not father-to-son inheritance, but the persistence of a certain world-view and a certain way of life, imposed by the dead upon the living.

寡头政体的关键不是父子相传，而是死人加于活人身上的一种世界观，一种生活方式的延续。

The Spartans held Athens and Thebes by establishing oligarchies there; * yet they lost them both.

斯巴达人通过在雅典和底比斯建立寡头政权来统治*；然而他们还是失去了两者。

Many countries end up in a "gray zone, " with semi-functioning governments and powerful oligarchies.

很多国家最终沦为“灰色地带”——半运作状态的政府和强权的寡头政治。

Advertisement competition is studied under the monopolizing of double oligarchies by a linear model.

利用线性函数模型对双寡头垄断市场下企业广告竞争进行研究。

While both sites effectively function as oligarchies , they are still democratic in one important sense.

虽然两个网站像寡头政治那样有效运行，在一个重要的层面上他们还是民主的。

In many countries, forms of democracy co-exist with domination by corrupt and brutal oligarchies.

在许多国家，民主体制可能与腐败、残暴的寡头统治共存。

Pricing and Positioning Dynamic Game of Two Oligarchies

双寡头动态定价定位博弈

We are different from all the oligarchies of the past, in that we know what we are doing.

我们与以往的所有寡头政体都不同，那是在于我们知道自己在干什么。

Polyarchy depends on the civilian culture that takes political conflict as one factor of cooperation order and believes that political conflict should be restricted by cooperation order;

多头政体有赖于一种把政治冲突视为合作秩序的一个因素并受到合作秩序限制的公民文化；

However, there exist problems in actual governmental systems of water industry including vague political frame, polyarchy, lack of strategic planning, absence of regulation to regulators, unfair market competition system, etc.

而现行的政府对水务产业规制体系问题较多，包括政策法规框架模糊、政出多门、缺少战略规划、对规制者的规制缺位、不公平的市场竞争机制等。

Study on Insurance Supervision under Oligarchy Monopoly Market Structure

论寡头垄断市场结构下的保险业监管

Don't you think an oligarchy would be too elitist?

难道你不认为寡头政治有点精英主义吗？

Democracy was always likely to give way to oligarchy or tyranny.

而民主政体总是倾向于给寡头政治和专制暴政让路；

It was ruled by the Rana oligarchy for more than a century.

它就曾被拉纳寡头统治了一个多世纪。

Since its some degree of scale economy and competition, the market structure of oligarchy monopoly was believed as a market structure paradigm and was recommended as final destination of China industry structure adjustment.

由于具有一定的规模性和竞争性，寡头垄断被认定为市场结构的高效率范式和中国产业结构调整的终极目标。

This was a blunder on the part of the Oligarchy, and a costly one The new manager blundered away most of the firm's profits.

新经理由于失策使公司损失了大部分利润。

The author discusses how Putin made adjustments in Russian economic policy, including punishing corruptions in privatization, curbing illegal plundering by financial oligarchies, and encouraging economic recovery from deep recession.

普京执政后进行经济政策调整，特别是惩治私有化过程中的严重腐败，采取措施打击金融寡头的违法掠夺，促使俄罗斯长期萧条后出现了经济复苏。

All past oligarchies have fallen from power either because they ossified or because they grew soft.

过去所有的寡头政体所以丧失权力，或者是由于自己僵化，或者是由于软化。

As a result, our AI future is likely to be ruled by an oligarchy of two or three large, general-purpose cloud-based commercial intelligences.

因此，人工智能的未来将有两到三家寡头公司统治，它们会开发出大规模基于云技术的多用途商业智能产品。

This paper gives several suggestions about how to adjust the thought of supervision, chose an appropriate model under the situation that the oligarchy monopoly market structure can't be changed during a short time.

如何在短时期内，在无法撼动寡头垄断市场结构的条件下，调整监管思路，选择适宜的监管模式，本文对此提出了几点对策建议。