This relation may be very well expressed in the language of the schoolmen, by saying, the concepts are the universalia post rem, but music gives the univesralia ante rem, and the real world the universalia in re.

If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores 'splitters of hairs'.

如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；

If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors.

如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；

Objective To examine the effect of setting up the post of ward resident nurse to reduce the work stress of head nurses and night-shift nurses and improve the quality of nursing care.

目的探讨设置住院总护师岗位的方法及效果，以降低护士长及夜班护士工作压力，提高护理质量。

The results showed that the level of anxiety and depression was higher in these army nurses, especially those aged 25 to 34, with nursing experience of 6 to 15 years, with the title of chief nurse, with emotional liability, or of A-type behaviour.

军队护理人员中易出现焦虑、抑郁状态的人群特征是25～34岁、6～15年护龄、职称为护师、职务为护士、情绪不稳定型、A型行为的护士。

Longitudinal teaching under nurse practitioners;

实行护师全程带教；

Conclusion reinforce the special training in hospital, use the advantage of the teaching-learning promoting each other, promote the progress of the nursing research, and then put the nursing ahead.

结论加强主管护师的在职培训，充分发挥教学相长的优势，促进护理科研的发展，提升护理的科学性。

The incidence of nursing error of nurses in different positions was different: senior nurse accounted for 82.4%, nurses 78.1%, supervisor nurses 62.5%, associate nurses 25%.

各级人员差错发生率由高至低排序为：护师82.4%，护士78.1%，主管护师62.5%，助理护士25%。

Methods 75 patients with the remission stage of bronchial asthma and treated with hormone were investigated about their medication and obedience of doctor advice by questionnaire and interview.

方法选择曾经接受吸入激素治疗缓解期哮喘患者75例，采用问卷调查方法，由经过培训的护师以上人员与缓解期哮喘患者通过交谈法和随调法如实填写。

30.61%, 29.94% and 0.67% of them possess the professional title of nurse practitioner, nurse-in-charge and vice professor respectively.

具有护师、主管护师、副主任护师职称的护士分别占30.61%、29.94%、0.67%。

Objective To assess the work ability of the chief nurse, and investigate the pathways and methods of training and using of the chief nurse to strengthen nurses'ability.

目的了解目前主管护师的临床工作能力状况，探索加强临床护理人才培养和利用的有效途径和方法。

( Results In) the period of military system reform, nurses with secondary level of professional title, 6~ 17 working years, and associate degree have much more psychological problems.

结果职称为护师、工作年限在6~17年、学历为大专的军队护理人员在此变革中心理问题较多。

Study on applying Delphi method for screening comprehensive evaluation indexes of supervisor nurse

基于Delphi法主管护师综合评价指标筛选的研究

Implementation of Responsibility Nursing System in an Emergency Department

责任护师制在急诊科的实施

Methods: 86 cerebrovascular accident patients divided into study group and control group, beside of rountine treatment, study group implement early rehabilitation nursing plan work out by nursing staff.

方法：86例脑卒中患者分研究组及对照组，除常规治疗外，研究组患者从急性期开始即由康复护师制订并实施早期康复计划。

Practice and effect of the general resident nurse on duty system

我院实施住院总护师值班制的做法及成效

Results showed that 72. 12% of nursing staff thought senior nurses rotate, and 95.19% of nursing staff thought midwives rotate.

结果表明：72.12%的护理人员认为护师应轮转，95.19%的护理人员认为动产士应轮转。

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 299 subjects with different ranks of professional title.

方法：对299名不同职称的医师、护师和药师进行了问卷调查。

Results There was no significant difference between the changes of workload of the chief nurses.

结果主管护师工作量变化无显著性差异，护师工作量减少，护士工作量增加。

Result The clinical skill and teaching ability are good, and the research ability is bad.

结果主管护师的临床技能、教学能力水平良好，科研能力中等。

Conclusion: It is better for nurses who have college level education and got primary nurse professional title or have more than 8 years nursing work experiences to be as a clinical nursing teacher.

[结论]应以具有护理本科学历获得护师职称或护龄≥8年的护士担任护理临床带教老师为宜。