DNA adduct is a covalent complex formed by DNA and electrophilic activity production of toxicological chemicals transformed in body, and it is not only an exposure biomarker but also an effect biomarker.

An Improved Calculation for the Acid Strength of Covalent Hydride

对共价氢化物酸强度计算公式的改进

Many multi chromophoric organic dyes with covalent linkage between the chromophores, one of which can act as a triplet acceptor of the excess energy, have been synthesized and studied.

本文综述近几年多发色团染料分子内能量传递领域的研究概况，重点介绍了分子内能量传递对组装型多发色团有机染料光稳定性影响的研究进展。

The Covalent Linkage of CdTe Quantum Dots with Antibody and Their Character Studies; The dipole does not radiate energy in the direction of its axis.

CdTe量子点与抗体的共价偶联及其性质的研究偶极子在它的轴的方向上不发射能量。

But aluminum nitride is covalent bond compound with high melting point and low self-diffusion coefficient, and usually it can be used to prepare high dense aluminum nitride ceramic by hot pressing sintering.

但氮化铝为强共价键结合物，熔点高，自扩散系数小，通常需要热压烧结才能制备出高致密的氮化铝陶瓷。

However, as a covalent chemical compound with the wurtzite crystal structure, A1N is not easy to sinter.

然而，A1N是强共价键化合物，烧结活性低，而且A1N很容易水解引入氧杂质。

Silicon carbide was a strong covalent bond compound, which had favorable high temperature, electricity, mechanism and chemistry capability.

碳化硅材料是共价键极强的化合物，具有良好的高温性能、电性能、机械性能和化学性能。

This indicates that PLZT belongs to a mixed ionic covalent compound.

这说明在PLZT中，电荷的转移是不完全的，它属于离子共价混合的化合物。

The experimental results show that the molecules ( methylene blue and thionine) can bind to outside surface of PSAF shell directly. Opposite, PSAF can entrap and store these molecules as a covalent compound into its protein shell.

实验结果表明，有机小分子（亚甲蓝及劳氏紫）络合于PSAF蛋白壳外表层的同时，又被PSAF捕获，并以共价化合物方式储存于蛋白壳内。

DNA methylation is the only known covalent modification of DNA molecule. It is accomplished by transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine to 5 position of the purine ring of cytosine.

DNA甲基化（DNA Methylation）是目前已知的唯一天然的DNA共价修饰方式，由DNA转移酶催化，将S-腺苷甲硫氨酸上的甲基转移到胞嘧啶嘌呤环的第五位碳原子上。

Through comparing the valence electron structure in austenitic crystal cell among all kinds of alloys, the strong covalent bond of austenitic crystal cell valence electron structure is thought as a main factor to influence the stability of austenite.

对各种合金奥氏体晶胞价电子结构进行比较后，认为影响合金奥氏体稳定性的主要因素是奥氏体晶胞价电子结构的强共价键。

After calculating the electron energy difference of strong covalent bond in austenitic crystal cell between alloy steel and 45 carbon steel, a formula to calculate LPT value in C Curve of low alloy steel was put forward.

通过计算合金奥氏体晶胞强共价键电子能量Ee与45钢奥氏体晶胞强共价键电子能量Ee（45）的差，提出计算低合金钢C曲线的珠光体孕育时间对数值（LPT）公式。

The results show that intramolecular coordination ability bears a parallel relationship with stabilization energy, bond parameter and charge transfer. For these coordination compounds intramolecular interaction is mainly a σ-bonding and the coordination force is essentially covalent interaction.

结果表明，分予闻配位强弱与稳定化能、键参量、电荷转移成平行关系，分子间作用键主要是σ配键，揭示了配位力的本质是授受电子的共价作用。

From these results, the potential function, which contains both ionic and covalent interaction, was established. In order to fit the parameters of the potential function, and the energy surface of these systems was constructed by energy simulation.

基于此，本文建立了能同时反映离子型与共价型相互作用的势函数，并通过体系总能量模拟建立的势能曲面拟合了其他参数。

Through covalent interaction with target protein, small molecular SUMO affects target proteins' stability, cellular localization and interactions with other proteins to regulate a series of important processes including transcriptional regulation.

小蛋白分子SUMO通过与靶蛋白的共价连接，影响了靶蛋白的稳定性、细胞定位、蛋白质间的相互作用等，参与了转录调控等重要生理过程。

Preparation and Self-Assembly Surface-Functional Silica Nanoparticles through Covalent Interaction

表面功能化SiO2纳米微粒的制备及其共价组装

The moiety can provide covalent interaction with sugars.

其含有硼酸部分，可以与醣类分子以共价键键结。

Cooperative Non-Covalent Interaction for Organic Molecular Recognition and Self-Assembly

有机分子识别和聚集体组装中的非共价键协同作用

First, the characteristic three-dimensional structure is vital for the biological function of the protein, while the native folded structure of a protein is dictated by its covalent structure, that is, its primary amino acid sequence.

首先，蛋白质的三维结构特征对其生物学功能有着巨大的影响，而蛋白质的空间构象直接取决于其一级结构。

The volume of lipophilic group is the sum of the covalent radius spheres of all C and H atoms in the lipophilic group.

亲油基体积是亲油基中碳、氢原子共价半径的球体体积之和。

The application and calculation of the valence covalent radius and the electronegativity of the new valences in the transition elements(ⅳ)

过渡元素价态共价半径及其新价态电负性的计算和应用（Ⅳ）