这组词共同的意思是“取得; 获得”。它们的区别是:
1.除secure是正式用词外,其余各词均为一般用词。
2.achieve主要指取得成功、成就或实现预期目的; acquire主要指逐渐获得知识、能力、荣誉等; attain主要指达到重要目标或获得珍贵的东西; earn凭借功劳赚得或获得工资、报酬、荣誉、赞赏等; gain主要指获得或赢得有一定价值的东西; get指以各种方式获得各种所需或不需之物; obtain指获得所需之物或达到预期目的; secure指得到渴望或竞争性的东西; win指在竞争、比赛、争论或战斗中击败对手而赢得胜利或获得人们的爱戴〔好感〕等。
3.achieve指克服困难之后而获得; acquire, attain, earn指通过努力而获得; gain指通过巨大努力而获得; obtain多指通过长期努力而获得,有时也指无须经过努力; 其他各词不强调通过努力与否; get可指通过各种方式获得; earn还指凭借功劳而赚得; win还指通过作出优异成绩而赢得。
4.achieve强调结果; acquire强调量的增加; attain含有达到完美地步的意味; gain强调所获得之物能够造成的优势; obtain强调愿望得到满足; secure强调有把握或成功地获得。
5.get是这组同义词中的最常用词,可指主动争取,也可指被动接受,有时不一定需要很大努力就能获得; acquire指持续,慢慢地获得,强调过程; 而earn, gain都强调经过艰苦努力而获得的这一结果, gain比obtain所付出的努力还要大些; win则指在竞赛中或战斗中赢得或获得胜利,可以通过努力获得,也可以偶然获得。例如:
He did not get what he had earned他未获得他应得到的东西。
The ability to use a language can be acquired by the act of using the language.运用语言的能力,只能通过不断练习才能获得。
She gained rich experience in teaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验。
I've got your telegram.我已经收到了你的电报。
We wished to obtain first-hand information.我们要能得到第一手情报就好了。
Industry won him his success.勤奋使他获得了成功。
6.acquire的宾语多为知识、技能等; earn的宾语多为金钱、荣誉等理应得到的东西; obtain的宾语多为期望已久的东西; gain的宾语多为经验、利益、优势、好处等; 而win的宾语则为比赛、战斗等; get的宾语则比较广泛,即既可以是具体的东西,也可以是抽象的事物。例如:
He got what he had earned.他获得了他应得到的东西。
You must work hard to acquire good knowledge of English.你要用功,以便精通英语。
Our firm has gained a good reputation.我们公司赢得了好名声。
Then I'll go and get you a chair.我去给你拿把椅子来。
At last, he obtained his father's pardon.他终于得到了父亲的原谅。
They won the basketball match.他们打赢了这场篮球赛。
7.这组动词都可跟简单宾语。get, earn, gain, obtain, secure和win可跟双宾语; secure还可跟wh-从句; win还可跟含不定式的复合宾语。此外, gain和win有时还可用作不及物动词。acquire和attain常跟抽象名词。
8.attain常用于庄重场合。win语气比gain强。
这些动词均有“达到”之意。
attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下,以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。
reach常用词,指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。
achieve侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。
arrive指得出结论,达成某项协议或作出某一决定等。
词根词缀法
词根tain1.hold,表示ˈ拿住,握住,支撑ˈ;2.挽留;adj.attainable可到达的,可得到的attain[v达到;获得]+able可以…的→adj.可到达的,可得到的;pertinent恰当的;有关的pertain[v属于,关于]男→adj.恰当的;有关的
The best flavor is mildness and mellowness, but is most difficult for a writer to attain.
平淡最醇最可爱, 而最难.
来源:网络文摘精选It is impossible for the working class to attain liberation without large numbers of such cadres.
没有一大批这样的干部,工人阶级要求得解放是不可能的.
来源:网络文摘精选He can endure any hardships or sufferings while striving to attain his chosen objective.
他能够忍受一切艰难、痛苦,而达到他所选定的目标.
来源:网络文摘精选In order to attain more precise result, the effect of contact surface must be considered.
进行飞行器结构分析时,为了得到更为精确的分析结果, 必须考虑连接面接触的影响.
来源:网络文摘精选New administrative measures are perceived as means to attain efficiency and effectiveness.
有关行政的新措施是为达至效率和效能而实施的.
来源:网络文摘精选Still greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goal.
我们必须百尺竿头,更进一步,才能达到目的.
来源:《现代汉英综合大词典》The comrades surely want to know how long it will be before we can attain victory.
同志们一定要问,多久才能胜利呢?
来源:网络文摘精选He can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.
现在只有提出证据这种特权与社会福利直接有关,他才能得到.
来源:网络文摘精选Sincerely desire we have good cooperation so as to attain mutual grand prospect.
希望我们能与您共同携手,开拓更美好的未来.
来源:网络文摘精选If there is one thing one always yearn for and sometime attain, it is human love!
如果有一件人可以永远渴望,而且有时能够得到的东西, 那就是人类的爱!
来源:网络文摘精选The solder wire should attain the standard provision deflection and pitch by straightening.
焊丝经校直应达到标准规定的挺度和翘距.
来源:网络文摘精选Through practice of a few years, purse net raises crab technology day attain mature.
经过几年的实践, 围网养蟹技术日臻成熟.
来源:网络文摘精选Make your appear more brilliant than they are and you will attain the heights of power.
如果你让老板显得更聪明,你会更有影响力.
来源:网络文摘精选The borosilicate glass polished 300 s, and then can attain perfect polishing result.
1250℃硼硅酸盐玻璃抛光300s, 就可以达到理想的抛光效果.
来源:网络文摘精选法国航空家摩尼叶曾经想把空气压送到气球里来达到这个目的.
来源:词典精选例句
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