Croma, a dialect of Lisp, was created by Patrick Collison, the 2005 Irish Young Scientist of the Year.

The croma (or eighth note) is played for half the duration of a crotchet.

八分音符（或croma）的时值等于四分音符的一半。

Formal Semantic of Architecture-Centric Component Model

以体系结构为中心的构件模型的形式化语义

According to the features of formal semantic network model and attribute grammars, the new model uses symbols of attribute grammars to establish grammar and semantic rule schema suitable for semantic networks, and implements the reasoning by the expanded attribute grammar interpreter.

根据形式化的语义网络表示模型和属性文法的特点，该模型使用属性文法的符号建立了一些适合于语义网络表示模型的语法和语义规则模式，并且可通过扩充的属性文法的解释器来实现推理。

Based on in-depth analysis of customer demand characteristics in MC environment, method of requirement elicitation, decomposition and conversion was proposed and a complete set of formal semantic model was built as well.

论文在深入分析MC环境客户需求特点的基础上，提出了客户需求获取分解及处理的方法并建立了一套完整的形式化需求语义模型。

Specifically, major contributions are as follows: Firstly, this thesis develops a formal semantic model for component that is based on predicate logic, set theory and Pi-calculus.

具体如下：首先，本文结合构件的静态结构特征和动态行为特征，基于谓词逻辑、集合论以及进程代数π演算，提出了一种构件的形式语义模型。

The natural hierarchical relationship which covers information in semantics and structure has been considered. The new concepts of hierarchical dependency and hierarchical tree of relations are proposed. By the relation hierarchies idea, database views are constructed.

它考虑了包含语义及结构信息的自然层次联系，提出层次依赖与关系层次树的概念，引入关系的分层结构思想来构造数据库视图。

The AssemblyStructure element provides validation against the structure of the XML document but does not contain any information about semantics.

AssemblyStructure元素提供针对XML文档结构的验证，但不包含有关语义的任何信息。

There was just not enough information in semantics to predict the future organization of the mind.

因为没有足够的语义信息来预测未来的心智发展。

Through combination of both, it is to take the monitoring information semantics as the foundation and the inferential rule as guides for software credible evolution method. So makes it possible for software trusted evolution finally.

通过两者有机的结合，从而形成以监控信息语义为基础，推理规则为向导的软件可信演化方法，并最终用实例说明该方法的可行性与有效性。

This includes identifying and understanding the information semantics, such as the meaning of the data model elements as well as structural information.

这包括确定和了解信息语义，如数据模型元素的含义以及结构信息等。

How do you foresee defining such things as service QoS? Service/ information semantics?

您如何定义服务的QOS、服务/信息语义呢？

Research on MetaData Model for Information Semantics Sharing in Peer-to-Peer Networks

面向对等网信息语义共享的元数据模型框架研究

The operational semantics of pure functional I/ o

纯函数式I/O的操作语义

Research on structured operational semantics of UML sequence diagram

UML顺序图的结构化操作语义研究

Operational semantics based cooperative design of AutoCAD

基于操作语义的AutoCAD协同设计的实现

Syntax and operational semantics of recursive programs based on predicate logic

建立于谓词逻辑上的递归程序及其操作语义

Operational semantics and algebraic laws are very useful in practice.

形式化语义和代数法则在实践应用是很有用的。

There may also be operational semantics to consider when introducing a change.

在引入更改时，还可能需要考虑操作语义。

Constrasted with other semantics theories of nonmonotonic logic programming, Answer Set semantics, the kernel of Answer Set programming technology, is concise and simple, and fully utilizes the fruits acquired by the logic programming community, and effectively realizes nonmonotonic reasoning of the logic program.

作为该类编程技术的核心，Answer Set语义相对其它非单调逻辑编程语义理论简洁明了，它充分利用了逻辑编程领域的已有成果，有效地实现了逻辑程序的非单调推理。

Most model languages in the textbooks of monographs on programming semantics are so tiny languages, which cannot help to clarify the traits of real programming languages, for they failed to be used to write ordinary programs.

大部分研究程序设计语义专论中的语言模型功能都非常简单，这对阐明实际的程序设计语言是远远不够的，因为这些语言模型很少能完整地编写普通的实际程序。