Pope John XXIII, who ushered a major reform in Roman Catholic Church and Pope John Paul II, who radically altered the papacy.

The egoism and exclusiveness of a national country compelled British people to oppose the bondage, limitation and threat from the foreign forces, including Roman Pope, the Spanish, the Portuguese, Hessians, etc.

民族国家的利己性和排他性，驱使英国人反对包括罗马教皇、西班牙人、葡萄牙人、汉萨人等在内的外国势力对英格兰民族国家的束缚、限制与威胁；

The purpose of this study is to further investigate whether the same events occurred in nonhuman primates.

本研究旨在进一步观察在接近人类的灵长目动物是否发生同样的事件。

They discovered that when left to their own devices, the primates ate on different schedules, with many consuming most of their food in the evenings and late at night. There turned out to be no correlation between weight gain and the time of feeding.

研究发现，如果放任这些灵长目动物自主进食，它们的进食都偏向分布在晚间或深夜，并且体重的增加和进食时间没什么关系。

Also there exist several researches which specialize in the similarity-based representation, but the research objects are the brain mechanism on primates.

即使一些研究专门探讨了视知觉相似性表征，但这些研究都是考察灵长目动物的相似性表征的脑机制。

Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment.In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell.

人类的视觉，和其它灵长目动物的一样，是在丛林环境中进化出来的。在稠密、复杂的热带丛林里，好的视觉比灵敏的嗅觉更加重要。

Any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all.

各种短尾或无尾的灵长目动物。

The life in the African equator tropical rain forest, is the extantbiggest spirit long item animal.

生活在非洲赤道热带雨林中，是现存最大的灵长目动物。

Another important trait that apes share with man and other primates is the opposable thumb.

与人类和其他灵长目动物共有的另一个重要特征是，无尾猿有与其他手指相对的大拇指。

Obviously, they had dug up a fellow primate, but of what kind?

显然，他们又挖出了一种灵长目动物，但属于哪一类呢？

Functional cultured human corneal endothelial cells are the basis of successful transplantation into the eyes of nonhuman primates.

人角膜内皮细胞培养的成功，以及在非人类的灵长目动物眼上的成功移植，为内皮移植技术的治疗作用提供了实验基础。

In the course of evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view.

在进化过程中，灵长目动物的眼睛变大，同时鼻子变小以使视野不受阻碍。

What may be of greater importance is to observe how primates live in the wild.

有较大意义的可能是观察灵长目动物在野外的生活情况。

Among primates, Homo sapiens practice the most intensive food and resource sharing, and females may depend entirely on males for shelter and sustenance.

在灵长目动物中，智人会进行程度最大的粮食和资源分享，而在住所和食物方面，雌性智人或许会完全依赖雄性。

You name it-tool use, tool making, culture, food sharing, theory of mind, planning, empathy, inferential reasoning-it has all been observed in wild primates or, better yet, many of these capacities have been demonstrated in carefully controlled experiments.

你能想到的所有技能——使用工具、制造工具、形成文化、分享食物、心智理论、计划、共情、推理——都已经在野生灵长目动物身上观察到。更进一步，许多还可以在严格控制的动物实验中演示出来。

Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment.

人类的视觉，和其它灵长目动物的一样，是在丛林环境中进化出来的。

The tails of primates are essentially designed th give them balance when leaping through trees, but many species gradually use their tails to make a statement.

灵长目动物的尾巴基本上是为了使其在树之间跳跃时保持身体平衡的，但是许多物种开始逐渐用尾巴来进行交流。

Pigeons have now shown that they can learn abstract rules about numbers, an ability that until now had been demonstrated only in primates.

近来人们研究发现，鸽子能学习抽象的数字规则，而这项能力目前为止仅在灵长目动物身上得以证实。

Primate studies show that giving an S.S.R.I. can augment social dominance behaviors, elevating an animal's status in the hierarchy.

灵长目动物的研究表明，SSRI能增强社会支配行为，提高动物在社会阶层中的地位。

Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision.The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world.

在哺乳类动物中，只有人和一些灵长目动物能够分辨颜色。红旗在公牛看来是黑色的，马则生活在一个单色的世界里。

On this basis, the essay makes some related comparisons between it and many primates.

在此基础上与部分灵长目动物作相关的比较。