Which one of the following is the best reason for using variable costing?

There was 1 case of residual tumor cells at the esophageal margin, 1 case of hydrothorax and hydrops of costal bed, no costal chondritis, pneumothorax and fistula formation.

结果：全组病例均未发生肋软骨炎及左侧胸膜损伤所致气胸，也无肺部并发症及吻合口瘘的发生，但发生食管断端癌残留1例和肋软骨床积液1例。

Surgery for osteomyelitis of sternum and costal chondritis due to thoracotomy

开胸术后胸骨骨髓炎、肋软骨炎的整形外科治疗

The results of 23 cases were excellent ( 65.7%), and the patients had no clinical symptoms, ascites, dilated tortuous veins in the abdomen and chest, or edema of lower extremities. The liver was not palpable below the right costal margin.

对35例患者术后随访6～36个月，效果优者23例（65.7%），患者临床无症状，腹水、胸腹壁曲张静脉及下肢肿胀消失，肝右肋下不能触及；

"Ultrasonic examination. Fluid waves of the gallbladder ( at the depth of 3.0-4.5cm) can be seen under the right costal margin along the mid-clavicular line, indicating enlargement of the gallbladder. Fluoroscopy of the chest showed normal heart and lung"

超声波检查：右肋缘下近锁骨中线可见胆囊内液平面波（深约0.3-4.5厘米）提示胆囊增大

Inter ribs 11 incision was performed in 46 cases, reformed below costal margin incision in 7 cases, among which, frame retractor plus in 4 cases, and abdominothoracic incision in 2 cases.

手术采用11肋间切口46例，改良肋缘下切口7例，改良肋缘下切口加框架拉钩4例，胸腹联合切口2例。

1997 to June 2002,318 cases in 202 hospital with the minor incision for cholecystectomy at the gallbladder projection under costal margin were analysed.

方法：分析我院1997年1月～2002年6月应用肋缘下胆囊投影点小切口胆囊切除术318例资料。

The position of the costal fovea of the transverse process at the superior-middle portion on the transverse process was zero from T_ ( 1) to T_ ( 3), increased gradually on T_ ( 4) T_ ( 9) and decreased gradually from T_ ( 10.)

横突肋凹的位置在前端上中位T1~T3均为零，T4~T9逐渐增多，到T10渐减。

Methods: The morphology of costal fovea of adult spinal specimens and fresh cadavers ( C_ ( 7) T_ ( 12)) were observed.

方法：观察成人成套椎骨标本及新鲜尸体脊柱（C7~T12）。

Meantimes, the author find that 28.75% costal fovea of T12 vertebral body lie pedicles entirely.

同时，我们也发现有28.75%的T12肋凹完全位于椎弓根上。

Anatomy of costal fovea for costal head on vertebrae and its clinical significance

椎骨肋头关节肋凹的解剖学及其临床意义

Conclusions: To confirm the internal fixation point, the author build the reference frame by the costal fovea.

结论：以肋凹作为参照物，建立坐标系，确定进针点的位置，不仅可用于术前估计。

The subcostal arteries derived from inferior abdomen artery and 1.25 ± 0.37 cm away from costal arch.

腹壁上动脉在与肋弓下缘交界附近发出一肋缘动脉，距肋弓1.25±0.37cm。

Reservation of more than 2 cm pro-theca and rectus abdominis below costal arch at the flag will protect effectively subcostal artery from injury.

将肋弓下2cm以上的腹直肌前鞘和腹直肌完全保留在皮瓣上可有效保护肋缘动脉。

In the inner shelf, the main geomorphic types have the accumulational plain, shoreface terrace, an-cient costal line, ancient stream channel, mamelon and pit-and-pots.

内陆架地貌主要有陆架堆积平原、水下阶地、古海岸线、古河道、小丘和坑洼群等；

The conclusions of this thesis can contribute to the design and construction of the offshore structures and the safety of the costal line as theoretical guidance.

本文研究成果对我国近海海岸安全，海洋结构物建设与设计以及其安全性，提供了理论指导。

Research comprehensive measures for high yield of rice ( shanyou no.63) in saline-alkali land in costal region

滨海盐碱地水稻高产综合农艺措施研究

The movement amplitude in the costal region was larger than that in the lumbar and sternal region.

膈肋部的运动幅度大于腰部和胸骨部。

The two countries struggled for mastery of the Baltic costal region.

两国争夺波罗的海沿海地区的控制权。

Risk factor analysis and countermeasures of colorectal disease in soldiers in costal region

沿海部队官兵肛肠疾病的危险因素分析及对策

Objective To explore the clinical value and safety of using rib-major pectoralis myocutaneous flap carrying costal parietal pleura in combined repair of large soft and hard tissue defect caused by radical surgery of advanced tongue cancer.

目的探讨应用带肋胸膜的肋骨-胸大肌复合瓣联合修复晚期舌癌根治术后软硬组织大型缺损的临床效果和安全性。