In view of infringement cases which have serious results or serious circumstances, with intentions and culpable negligence, the court should make the infringer to give the punitive damages when the victims ask for that.

This system is applied to intention, malignancy, or culpable negligence and other serious violations of intellectual property rights, but the compensation is in an amount not exceeding three times of the actual damages.

该制度适用于故意、恶意或重大过失等严重侵害知识产权的行为，赔偿数额一般不超过实际损害额的三倍。

Deserving of or open to censure. blameworthy if not criminal behavior; censurable misconduct; culpable negligence.

就算不是犯罪行为也是有过错的；应该受责备的不正当行为；该受谴责的疏忽。

While observing at upper or lower culmination the effect on the rate of change of the pulsar period becomes larger.

在上、下中天观测，地球自转角速度的变化对脉冲星的周期变率的影响较大。

For the first time, this paper reports on the distribution pattern of these main characters on the culm in plantations at different altitudes and on its altitude effect.

首次报道了不同海拔区域毛竹人工林这些节间主要性状在竹秆上的分布规律及其海拔效应。

Mao bamboo is a main species of culm-producing and shoot-producing bamboo s in present in our countries.

毛竹是我国目前最主要的材用和笋用竹种。

But it exists intimate corresponding relations between the process of spikelet differentiation and the leaf remainder index on the main culm when the spikelet differentiation gets into the period of floret differentiation.

小麦主茎叶龄和穗分化进程，因栽培条件的不同而有较大差异，但当穗分化进入小花分化期时，穗分化进程与主茎叶龄余数有密切的对应关系。

Formulae for calculating the theoretic number of tillers in rice, wheat and barley according to the main culm leaf-age

根据主茎叶龄计算稻麦理论分蘖数的公式

Studies on the relationship between the duration of developmental stages and kernel weight of the main culm in Wheat in North China

冬小麦生育阶段持续期与主茎粒重关系的研究

Leaves emerged faster with temperature increasing, but leaf number of main culm didn't decrease.

随播种期后移，日平均气温上升，出叶速度加快，但主茎叶片数不变；

N, total number of leaves of the main culm;

N&主茎总叶数；

High correlations were found between internode 5 and culm length, also and plant height, culm length and plant height, spike length and kernels per spike, heading date and anthesis date.

第5节间（穗下节间）长与茎长、株高间、茎长与株高间、穗长与穗粒数间、抽穗期与开花期间，均呈高度正相关；

These QTLs cause the increase of culm length, panicle length, spikelets per panicle and panicle exsertion under low temperature, showing that these QTLs are correlated with cold tolerance.

这些主效QTL在低温环境下对水稻秆长、穗长、穗粒数和穗抽出度有增效作用，与水稻耐冷性有一定的相关性。

Under cold water stress, culm length was positively correlated with seed setting rate, while the tassel number of days and panicle exsertion were negatively correlated with seed setting rate. 5.

在冷水处理条件下结实率与杆长呈极显著正相关，与抽穗天数、抽出度呈极显著负相关。

The frequency of positive and negative alleles, and the proportion of dominant and recessive alleles in the parents for culm length and its CRI were equal.

亲本中控制秆长及其CRI值的正、负等位基因的频率基本相等，显隐性基因频率基本相同；

Culm length and its CRI were affected by a few major genes, and these traits had high narrow-sense heritability.

秆长的表现型值及其CRI值受少数主效基因控制，具有较高的狭义遗传力。

The lodging index was significantly and positively correlated with the length of basal internodes and the culm length.

基部节间长与倒伏指数呈显著正相关；

Three culm traits, basal culm thickness ( BCT), culm length ( CL) and culm strength ( CS), of DH lines and their parents under upland and lowland ecosystems at milk stage were studied.

在水田、旱田栽培条件下，考查了乳熟期DH系及其亲本的茎基粗、茎秆长及茎秆强度等性状。

Occlusion culling and LOD ( Level of Details) both are effective techniques in accelerating the rendering process of 3D large scene.

遮挡裁剪和应用层次细节模型是两种有效的三维复杂场景渲染加速算法。

Studied the current rendering methods of large-scale vegetation, including visibility culling technology, level of detail technique ( LOD), as well as image-based rendering ( IBR) and so on. 5.

研究了当前图形学界在应对大规模植被渲染时所采用的各种主流方法，包括消隐技术，层次细节化技术（LOD）以及基于图像的绘制技术（IBR）等。

Based on that, the thought of divide and conquer was adopted to build the highway 3D model, thus technologies as frustum culling and level of detail were applied to accomplish the view-dependent simplification of route 3D model, and the highway 3D browsing platform was worked out.

在此基础上，采用分割归并思想建立了路线三维模型，应用视锥截取、LoD技术实现了路线三维模型的视相关简化，并开发了公路三维场景的实时动态浏览平台。