1.在这组词中, address, speech, talk, oration四个词是同义词, lecture和report的词义与其他四个词的词义差异较大。
①lecture指学术性的“专题讲演”,尤指大学教师讲课,引申义为“教训”。例如:
Professor Black will give us a lecture on English literature tomorrow afternoon.布莱克教授明天下午将给我们做关于英国文学的演讲。
His mother gave him a lecture for getting up late.他妈妈因为他睡懒觉而训斥了他一顿。
注意这六个词中只有lecture不可与make连用。
②report指下级对上级或委托机关的“报告”,比汉语中“报告”的外延小得多。例如:
The manager had just given the company's annual report.经理刚做了公司的年度报告。
2.address, speech, talk, oration四个词的共同含义是“当众讲话”。它们的区别是:
①speech和talk是普通用语, address和oration是正式用语。
②address和oration用于正式隆重的场合,经过充分准备,听众较多,篇幅较长。这两者中, oration比address更正式,更隆重,人更多,篇幅更长。例如:
The minister's address will be broadcast at 8 o'clock.部长的讲话将于8时广播。
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was an oration.林肯的盖茨堡讲演是一篇雄辩有力的演说辞。
这两个词含义上的区别是:address强调演说人的身份或地位高,而oration则强调演说人口才好,演说有煽动性,雄辩有力,词藻华丽。
③speech和talk的区别是:speech多用于正式场合,也可用于非正式场合; 而talk多用于非正式场合,也可用于正式场合。speech一般是经过准备的也可不经过准备; 而talk一般是不经过准备的。speech的措辞一般是庄重的; 而talk是较为随便的,讲话方式也较自由,甚至也可以是对话。例如:
Please tell us what you think in a few simple words, we don't want a speech.请用简短的话说明你的意思,不要演说。
We enjoy freedom of speech.我们有言论自由。
We had a long talk about it.关于此事,我们作了一次长谈。
He gave us a very interesting talk on Yugoslavia.他给我们作了一场饶有兴趣的关于南斯拉夫的报告。
④speech除作“讲演”解之外,还有“讲稿”“讲演风格”的含义,而另外三个词无此含义。例如:
His speech was sent to the newspaper in advance.他的讲话稿事先就送报社去了。
Her speech is informal and filled with colloquialisms.她的讲话常是非正式的,很口语化。
这两个短语都表示“就…作讲演”。它们的区别在于:接about时内容比较广泛,接on时,内容较集中、专一;另外,接about时,内容较为普及;而接on专业性较强。
这组词都可表示“演讲”。它们的区别是:
speak一般指在公共场合讲话; declaim有慷慨激昂地演说、朗诵或以言辞攻击某人或某种观点的含义; deliver指讲道、陈述意见或讲授一门功课; lecture可指就某一专题演讲或强调教导性的演说。例如:
She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money.她慷慨陈词,猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。
He is delivering a speech.他正在作演讲。
I wish you'd stop lecturing me.我希望你不要再教训我。
声音变化法
根据声音变化发则:c=s=t,所以lect=less,又因为u=o,r=n,lecture末尾的元音e可以忽略,所以lecture=lesson=教训(和说有关系)。
确实lecture和lesson都有教训的意思。
而教训必须要用嘴巴说话,所以引申出lesson的上课以及lecture的演讲、讲座和讲稿。
谐音记忆法
谐音:来客车,来客车接我去讲课。
n.
v.
重要短语
lecture on有关…的演讲;训斥;告诫
lecture note讲义,上课笔记
lecture hall讲堂,大讲堂;演讲厅;大教室,阶梯教室
give a lecture演讲;主讲
Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.
皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说.
来源:《简明英汉词典》It is shocking that only one woman has delivered the lecture in 44 years.
在44年间仅有一名女性作过讲座,这真令人震惊。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》After my lecture, the students began to overwhelm me with questions.
讲课之后, 学生们开始问一系列问题,使我不知所措.
来源:《简明英汉词典》The lecture will trace the depiction of horses from earliest times to the present day.
这个讲座将探究从古至今的画马艺术。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture circuit.
这问题很常见,我在巡回讲演时被问得最多的就是这个问题.
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》Wendy Rigby was recently invited to lecture a group of doctors on the benefits of aromatherapy.
温迪·里格比最近应邀给一帮医生讲芳香疗法的疗效。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》In his lecture, he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.
他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性.
来源:《简明英汉词典》She then invited him to Atlanta to lecture on the history of art.
她于是邀请他去亚特兰大讲艺术史。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》He was distributing handbills announcing his lecture when Nora caught her first glimpse of him.
诺拉第一次看见他时,他正在散发自己的讲座宣传单。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》I remember going to the lecture in my first week and getting very steamed up.
我还记得第一周去听课时生了一肚子气。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》Tom has been invited to lecture about his method of writing to a class of English students.
汤姆已应邀去给一个英语班作报告,谈他的写作方法.
来源:《简明英汉词典》Before trying to tackle his homework he read up the notes he had taken at the lecture.
他把课堂上记的笔记认真看过后才动手做作业.
来源:《简明英汉词典》I have no intention to traverse that ground in my present lecture.
在这次演讲中我不打算详细讨论这一点.
来源:《现代英汉综合大词典》
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