However, often because of the time restraints in design phase, the structures design alternatives, cost estimating and optimization are seldom considered in the structure engineering.

Accurate cost estimating plays an important part not only in structures design optimization but also in client's project decision and cost controlling.

准确的成本估计不仅在结构设计优化中起着重要作用，而且在业主的项目决策和投资控制中起着重要作用。

Based on the methods of location estimating and location parameter estimating, the development history of current and future challenges in wireless position location are reviewed and location estimating techniques for mitigating the influence of non-line-of-sight ( NLOS) propagation are discussed.

本文以定位算法与定位参数估计为主线，综述了蜂窝通信系统中移动台定位的发展过程、现状、取得的进展以及面临的挑战，特别是对减轻非视距传播影响的定位算法进行了详细讨论。

In chapter 2 the theory and technique of nonlinear parametric models are discussed in detail, including the estimating principles and techniques of nonlinear parametric models.

本文在第二章主要讨论了非线性模型参数估计的理论和方法，包括非线性模型参数的估计准则和解算方法。

Estimating approaches, techniques, models, and tools

评估的方法、技术、模型和工具

All estimating techniques can be grouped into one of three categories: experience-based, learning-oriented, and those based on algorithmic ( statistical or mathematical) models.

所有的评估技术可以分为以下三类：基于经验的模型、面向学习的模型和基于算法（统计或数学）的模型。

Popular estimating techniques and models

流行的评估技术和模型

After being esterified, fatty acid methyl esters were separated and determined by a 50m × 0.35mm i.d. glass capillary column coated with PEG 20M and FID detector.

脂肪甲酯化后，采用50m×0.35mmi.d.PEG－20M玻璃毛细管柱，FID检测器，并结合GCLMS进行了脂肪酸分析。

An esterification catalyst of ion-exchange resin on camphene and acetic acid

用离子交换树脂催化莰烯和醋酸的加成酯化反应

Study of Effective Acid Strength of Acetic Esterification Catalyst

乙酸酯化反应催化剂有效酸强度的研究

Tri-n-butyl citrate ( TBC) was synthesized with citric acid and n-butanol as raw materials and p-toluene sulfonic acid as esterification catalyst.

以柠檬酸和正丁醇为原料，对甲苯磺酸为酯化催化剂合成柠檬酸三丁酯（TBC）。

Application of Esterification Catalyst in PTA Alkyd Resin

酯化催化剂在PTA醇酸树脂中的应用

In this model, some measured process parameters have been used as input and the quality-indices such as degree of esterification, concentration of carboxyl end groups, saponification value, DEG content as output. Thus it can provide the operator with timely product information.

该模型以实测的工艺操作参数为输入，以酯化率、酸值、皂化值、二甘醇含量等质量指标为输出，为现场操作人员提供了快速及时的生产信息。

Major factors that affected the degree of esterification and1,6-anhydro ring formation were studied to produce the title compound which met the European Pharmacopoeia standard.

研究了影响酯化率与成环率的主要因素，控制合适的酯化、解聚和纯化条件，得到的依诺肝素钠成品符合欧洲药典标准。

The IR spectrum indicate that the soybean oleic acid has been added onto the bone of sugar, the the degree of esterification was 6.9, the acid value was 0.38, the iodine value was 134.2, and the relative density was 0.9346.

红外光谱分析可知大豆油酸加到了蔗糖骨架上，平均酯化度为6.9，酸值为0.38，碘值134.2，相对密度为0.9346。

The degree of esterification and gel power of LM-pectin produced from dried pomelo peel were 25.1% and 141.7 ° respectively.

由干柚皮制得的低甲氧基果胶的酯化度为25.1%，胶凝强变为141.7°。

Changes of Nonspecific Acid Esterase Activity in The Development of the mouse Thymic Lymphocytes

小鼠胚胎胸腺淋巴细胞发生过程中非特异性酯酶的变化

Nonspecific acid esterase staining of different normal human lymphocytes

正常人不同淋巴细胞的酸性非特异性酯酶染色

Determination of activity of blood acetylcholin esterase in myasthenia gravis patients and its clinical significance

重症肌无力患者血乙酰胆碱酯酶活性测定及其临床意义

Objective: To investigate the changes of acetylcholine esterase ( AchE) in relevant pericaryon after peripheral nerve ischemia.

目的：探讨周围神经局部缺血后相关神经元胞体乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholine esterase，AchE）含量的变化。

Study on dynamic changes of acetylcholine esterase ( AChE) after middle cerebral artery occlusion with light and electron microscope

大鼠单侧大脑中动脉栓塞后脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶的光镜与电镜酶组化研究