In 1937 years, Frohlich had researched the quantum size effect ( QSE) of nano-particles.

How to win in domestic and international market competition has set higher demands in QSE management to China's oilfield enterprises.

如何在国内国际市场竞争中获胜，对我国油田企业的质量、安全、环境管理水平提出了更高的要求。

The QSE framework consists of the following three tiers.

QSE框架由以下三层组成。

With the QSE framework, the steps to input data are as follows.

对于QSE框架，输入数据的过程如下所示。

You can use the QSE framework to improve maintainability.

您可以使用QSE框架来提高维护性。

The QSE framework isolates GUI objects with test cases.

该QSE框架会将GUI对象与测试用例隔离开来。

In our theoretical approach, the relaxation mechanism of the quasi-positronium ( qPs) in alkali halides has been studied.

理论上研究了碱卤晶体中准正电子偶素（qPs）的弛豫机制。

Based on the underlying rate control scheme proposed for the hierarchical coding structure, a QP determination method is proposed to adaptively determine the QPs for key frames.

在所提出的适用于分层编码结构的码率控制基本方案的基础上，提出一种自适应确定关键帧量化参数的方法。

The primal and dual formulations are derived and the main problems and issues arising in the implementation of the associated QPs discussed at length.

最后将讨论衍生出的原始与对偶公式、主要问题及从相关详细讨论之二次规划模式所产生的议题。

With assuming the electron density distribution to be the Qps model, this paper developes the delay-frequency relation of single model.

本文假定电离层电子浓度服从准抛物分布，从理论上建立了单一层模的时延频率关系。

A novel scheme for all-optical NRZ to pseudo-return-to-zero ( PRZ) conversion using a folded ultrafast nonlinear interferometer ( UNI) has been put forward and demonstrated for the first time.

提出了一种基于折叠式超快非线性干涉仪的全光NRZ到伪归零（PRZ）信号转换的新型方案。

In visible experiment, the time of pressure balance decrease with the initial pressure of PRZ and temperature of CMT.

在可视化实验中随着PRZ初始压力的增加，以及CMT初始温度的增加，压力平衡响应时间减小。

The pH of the liquid preparation of PRZ should be adjusted to about 5.1.

结论：PRZ在强酸和强碱条件下均不稳定，若制成液体制剂可调pH为5.1左右。

Both of them shows that the clock component contained in the converted PRZ signal obtained using the simplified scheme is weaker than that using the pump-probe scheme.

实验和模拟结果均表明：采用简化方案时转换输出的伪归零信号所包含的时钟分量的强度小于采用抽运探测方案的情况。

QQH algorithm provides a fast terminate condition based on judging the area and avoids the special process for the exception, as well as determines whether interference occurs or not by region test.

该方法给出了基于面积值判断的快速终止条件，避免了异常情形的特殊处理，并能通过区域测试快速判定两多边形是否发生干涉。

The quantity risk assessment ( QRA) method which can improve the reason of human's behavior is able to quantify the risk in dangerous goods transportation on road, so that the level of risk management can be improved.

提高人类行为的理智性和稳健性、保证人类社会可持续发展的定量风险评价研究，能将道路危险货物运输中的风险准确的予以量化，大大提高道路危险货物运输风险管理水平。

This paper establishes the mathematical model of quad redundant actuator ( QRA), investigates the force equalization algorithm and carries out the performance degradation simulation and reliability analysis under the first failure and the second failure.

在建立四余度舵机数学模型的基础上，研究了力均衡算法，对四余度舵机一次故障、二次故障情况下的性能降级和可靠性进行了仿真分析。

The results indicate that the optimal equalization algorithm can solve the force fighting effectively, and the QRA can operate at degradation performance continuously under the first failure and the second failure.

仿真结果标明，优化的力均衡算法可以有效解决力纷争的问题，四余度舵机可以在一次故障、二次故障的情况下持续工作。

In this thesis, a QRA model of fixed platform is established for analyzing the structure failures induced by the extreme sea loads.

文中主要针对浅海固定式平台结构系统的风险，建立了定量风险评价的模型。

The basic principles and general process of quantitative risk analysis ( QRA) for oil and gas pipeline failure were introduced.

介绍了油气管道泄漏事故定量风险评价的基本原则和一般步骤。

Critical points of QRA application in the engineering design of large-scale petrochemical projects

大型石化项目设计应用QRA技术要点