The arbitral tribunal can examine its jurisdiction on own initiative or passively;

The characteristics to identify foreign law mainly by the arbitral tribunal are different with the range of discretion with the court.

国际商事仲裁中外国法查明的特点主要体现为仲裁庭查明外国法的自由裁量权范围与法院不同，以及查明责任的分配和查明方法都与国际民事诉讼相区别。

The serious lag for the lottery legislation surely will cause the government supervision not so powerful, the lottery market in disorder, the legitimate rights and interests of the lottery buyers damaged, the awkwardness of the lottery lawsuit arbitrament and other "lottery symptoms".

彩票立法的过于滞后，势必导致政府监管权威的疲软、彩票市场秩序的混乱、彩民正当权益的受损、彩票官司裁决的尴尬等诸多彩票综合症。

The perfection of patent infringement applicable rules shall consider setting up the intellectual property right court, perfecting patent litigation the burden of proof system, giving trial institution invalidation arbitrament, constructing rights loafing defense system to realize the balance of interests, and eliminating the litigation dispute.

专利侵权抗辩适用规则的完善应当考虑设立知识产权法院、完善专利诉讼举证责任制度，赋予审判机构无效宣告裁决权、构建权利懈怠抗辩制度等。

Online Arbitration is a new kind of solution of dissension that differs from the tradition form of arbitrament. The concept of Online Arbitration is an arbitral activity, which the chief arbitral procedure carries on the Internet, and the arbitral service is provided by the network technique.

网上仲裁是一种不同于传统仲裁的新型纠纷解决方式，它的概念是运用网络技术提供仲裁服务，仲裁程序的主体在互联网上进行的仲裁活动。

This paper analyses the potential value of ICSID arbitral system by elaborating the basic contents of ICSID, including its arbitral application, constituting of arbitral court and appointment of arbiter, jurisdiction, applicable law, the arbitrament and its effect of execution.

文章通过阐述国际投资争端中心（ICSID）仲裁申请、仲裁庭的组成与仲裁员的委任、管辖权、准据法、仲裁裁决及其执行效力等基本内容，来对ICSID仲裁制度进行潜在价值分析。

In order to reduce the burden of enterprise in debt, creditor can consult with debtor to implement debt restructuring, amend the term of repaying the debts according to the agreement with debtor or the arbitrament of court.

为了减轻债务企业的负担，债权人可以通过与债务人协商，按照与债务人达成的协议或法院的裁决修改债务偿还条件，实施债务重组。

However, Online Arbitration confronted with many difficulties what are different from the traditional one, such as the place of arbitration, the forms of arbitration agreement, the application of electronic evidence, the admit and execute of the arbitrament.

但是网上仲裁的应用和发展面临着许多不同于传统线下仲裁的法律问题，比如网上仲裁的仲裁地的确定、仲裁协议的形式、电子证据的应用以及裁决的承认和执行等。

In this thesis, we focus on fair exchange protocols and their applications in electronic contract. The primary research is summarized as follows: ① Characteristic and applicable scope of Automatic execution protocol, arbitration protocol and arbitrament protocol are summarized.

本文主要研究电子商务中的公平交换协议及其在电子合同签署方面的应用，具体的研究内容包括如下几个方面：①总结自动执行协议、仲裁协议和裁决协议的特点和适用范围。

Although "one arbitrament two trial" labor dispute processing system plays a major role in the maintenance of public order and economic development, the processing mode have been reproached widely because of system multifarious and low efficiency.

虽然，当前我国一裁二审的劳资纠纷处理模式在维护社会秩序和促进经济发展中，发挥了重大的作用，但是这一处理模式却因为体制繁杂、效率不高而受到广泛的非议。

The European Commission is reviewing the suit, and will release its arbitrament with regard to application for temporary anti-dumping measures no later than mid April.

欧洲委员会目前正对此进行审理，最迟将于4月中旬做出临时反倾销措施的裁决。

To the claims caused by the deficiency of the contract documents the arbitrament principles is that the one is responsible for the deficiency who can control it better.

对由于合同文件的缺陷引起的索赔，处理的一个基本原则是：合同文件的缺陷责任将归咎于引起和最有能力控制缺陷的一方。

The result of arbitrament has not been disclosed, as there is little progress in its investigation.

裁决结果如何目前尚未披露，因为对该项事件的调查尚没有太大的进展。

The last chapter discusses about justice supervision on securities arbitration and arbitrament's enforcement.

第六章论述了证券仲裁的司法监督与裁决的执行。

However, the reverse and not granted arbitrament are another important content of the judicial supervision.

而仲裁裁决被撤销或者仲裁裁决被不予执行则是司法监督的另一项重要内容。

The construction claims analysis caused by the deficiency of the contract documents and the arbitrament principles.

合同文件缺陷引起的索赔分析及处理原则。

The government has prepared to submit the dispute to arbitrament.

政府准备将此争端提请裁决。

The definition of variation and the corresponding arbitrament principles.

工程变更的定义及处理原则。

The conflict manager is divided into two parts: conflict detection and conflict arbitrament.

冲突管理主要分为冲突检测和冲突裁决两部分。

Applications of 3G in the Unit Training Aided Arbitrament System

3G在分队训练辅助裁决系统中的应用

The procedures include: Bringing up the claim, the sending of the claim data, negotiation, intermediation from the agent, handing over to the arbitrament organization or court.

该程序包括：提出索赔要求，报送索赔资料，谈判协商，邀请中间人调解，提交仲裁机构或法院。