The supernovae glow with the same intrinsic brightness, so by measuring how bright they appear on the sky, astronomers can tell how far away they are.

That method involves searching for celestial objects, called" standard candles", whose intrinsic brightness is known.

这种方法的具体做法是找到被称为“标准烛光”的天体，这一类天体的固定亮度是已知的。

A suitable method for finding the intrinsic brightness of a star was discovered by the American astronomer W. S. Adams.

美国天文学家W·S亚当斯发现了一种求恒星固有亮度的好办法。

First, we establish the data items of variational optic flow computation, which can effectively calculate optic flow under six cases, such as brightness constancy assumption, brightness gradient constancy assumption and brightness divergence constancy assumption and so on.

首先建立了变分光流计算的数据项，能有效地计算光亮度不变、光亮度梯度不变、光亮度散度不变等假设前提下光流场计算的6种情形，推导了数据项设计的策略和方法。

This interesting paper shows that this illusion "automatically" occurs as a by-product when an artificial neural network is trained for brightness constancy.

这个有趣的文件表明，这种错觉“自动”发生作为副产品时，人工神经网络的亮度恒常训练。

However, most studies are limited to models with brightness constancy assumptions.

然而，大部分光流研究用的是基于亮度不变假设的模型，而这种假设在不少情况下并不适用。

In the fourth chapter the analysis for the visual features, the adaptive clustering and the extraction of the image area with the image similar visual brightness are analyzed.

第四章分析了图像视觉特征的邻域矩特征描述，并对邻域矩特征进行自适应聚类提取边界和图像目标的视同灰度的提取。

Anisotropic parameters of opaque minerals, including colour or tint variations, visual intensity of brightness, are discussed in terms of their degree of anisotropy and mechanism of genesis.

本文系统探讨了非均性参数、强度及视觉上明显程度的内部联系和形成机理。

On the equal lightness ( V) section of Munsell color system, there is a obviously contradiction between visual perception brightness and lightness.

颜色亮度测量值与人眼主观亮度感受不一致的矛盾，在孟塞尔颜色体系中也明显地表现出来。

This paper describes the development of lighting quality criteria, especially the visual luminance brightness is one of the most important factor in our visual enviroment.

本文阐述了照明质量判据的发展，特别是视亮度（brightness）是视环境中最重要的因数。

Visual surface brightness and radius of Da and non-DA white dwarfs

DA型和非DA型白矮星的目视表面亮度和半径的关系

It is gotten that the radiation temperature by visual brightness observer through comparison of the black-body temperature and the direct measurement of gray one.

通过比较等辐射量的黑体温度，测出灰体的视在亮度温度&辐射温度；

Application of the Visual Brightness in the Lighting Design of the Museum

视觉亮度在博物馆照明设计中的运用

Optical flow field is referred to the apparent motion of image brightness patterns. It can be obtained by adding constraints to solve the optical flow constraint equation.

光流场是指图像亮度模式的表观运动，可以通过添加限制条件来求解光流约束方程来获得。

Since the speed of light is constant, knowing how far away such a "standard candle" is ( calculated from its apparent brightness seen from Earth) is to know how long ago it exploded.

再加上光速是恒定的，知道这样一盏“标准蜡烛”离地球多远（根据地球上观测的视觉亮度计算得出）就能知道它是多久以前爆发的。

By gauging the redshift and apparent brightness of a large number of supernovae located at a variety of distances, researchers can create a record of the universe's expansion.

藉由调校大量位于不同距离的超新星红移和表观亮度，研究人员可造出一组宇宙膨胀的记录。

The distance to such an object can be worked out by comparing its apparent brightness with its known, absolute brightness.

通过比较表观亮度和已知的绝对亮度，即可得出该天体和我们的距离。

Deferring to historical custom, astronomers, measure the apparent brightness of stars through the magnitude scale, a very confusing way.

按照历史习惯，天文学家用星等标这种容易使人混淆的方法来度量恒星的视亮度。

The corresponding concept for apparent brightness is generally called a number count.

而视亮度的相应概念通常叫作计数。

Effect of chemical component, preparation conditions on the performance of the phosphor was studied by using TG-DTG, XRD and phosphor relative brightness meter.

借助TG，XRD，荧光粉相对亮度仪、荧光分光光度仪等手段系统研究了合成过程中原料化学组成及配比、合成条件对磷酸钡钙∶铈、锰发光性能的影响。

Development of new type of dampproof and brightening agent

新型防潮上光剂的研制