Whole-process control of cost, including project decision, rough estimation of investment, budgetary estimation at period of design, contract cost at period of construction and final accounts, should be permeated from beginning to end of the construction process.

After the rough estimation, it can acquire the frequency offset with low computing complexity, and matrix including channel information simultaneously, which are favorable for offset compensation and demodulation of received signals. Numerical simulations can illustrate the performance of this algorithm.

该算法计算量小，容易获得频率偏移量，同时可得到蕴涵信道信息的矩阵估计，有利于接收信号的频率偏移补偿和解调。

We can only make a rough estimation because nobody has a2009 package, and the idea obviously is not to make Formula One faster, but to shift between aerodynamical grip and mechanical grip.

我们只能估一个大致的估计，因为没有人有2009年的赛车，而主意显然不是为了使F1更快，而是在空气动力学抓地力和机械抓地力之间转换。

Rough Estimation of the Vertical Deformation of Highrise Building

超高层建筑竖向变形的简略估算

For purposes of rough estimation, if we assumed that all students spent the same amount, then with 29.5% of total international enrollment in US colleges and universities coming from Greater China, that's an expenditure in the range of US$ 6.69 billion in the US in the 2011 academic year.

粗略估算一下，假设所有学生的支出相等，那么占美国大学留学生总数29.5%的大中华区学生在2011学年的总支出应为66.9亿美元。

A rough estimation of the hinge moment of actuator

舵面铰链力矩的估算

Based on the characteristics of horizontal crustal movement in China ′ s continent, the geodynamic environment around China ′ s continent has been analyzed, and a rough estimation has been made for the magnitude of acting forces from each plate and block to China ′ s continent.

根据中国大陆地壳水平运动的特征，分析了中国大陆周围的动力学环境，并对各板、地块对中国大陆作用力的大小进行了概略估计。

The measurement of spinal movement has gone through the process from twodimensional plane to threedimensional measurement, from simple to complex, from rough estimation to precise calculation.

脊柱运动状态的测量经历了从二维平面到三维立体、从简单到复杂、从估算到精确计算的过程。

The paper presents the definition of non-governmental finance and a rough estimation on its scale.

界定了民间金融的概念，粗略估计民间金融的规模。

One way is to apply with a rough estimation before the final score is released.

一种方法是在最终成绩公布之前采用大概估计的方法填报志愿。

A rough estimation for limiting information content of color-and stereo-television signal is made.

还简略地估计了彩色及立体电视信号的极限信息量。

Uncalibrated visual servo method does not depend on parameters estimation precision. In a rough estimation of the parameters value, even under arbitrary parameters values, it can ensure the effective implementation of the servo task.

无标定视觉伺服方法不依赖于参数值的估计精度，可以在粗略估计得到的参数值、甚至任意参数值下确保伺服任务的有效执行。

Rough estimation yields a temperature variation of about 30~ 50 K of TMR in the quiet sun atmosphere.

粗略的估算表明宁静太阳大气温度极小区的温度在一个太阳周的变幅为30K～50K。

According to rough estimation, the porcelain vase is worth over a million yuan.

据粗估，这具瓷瓶价值逾百万元。

In fact, one-person-month-per-use-case is a good rule-of-thumb metric for rough estimation.

事实上，对于粗略估计而言，每个用例一个人月是一个不错的经验法则。

A rough estimation for an object of study can be worked out by using the formula and qualitative features can be caught out with a little bit of calculations.

利用这个公式可以作一些粗略估计，稍加计算即可抓住研究对象的定性特征。

The Rough Estimation of the Methods of Producing Capsule

胶囊剂生产方法浅析

However the refine estimate module need the coarse result from rough estimate module to start.

精算模块的启动需要粗算模块提供位姿解算的初步结果。

Time series data was used in the econometric analysis first and panel data was used later.

定量分析先采用时间序列数据进行粗算，后用面板数据进行详细分析。

There is a huge disparity between the numbers you two roughly estimated.

你俩粗估出来的数字怎么差距这么大.

It has been confirmed that the images are genuine, taken apparently with a telephoto lens while Middleton and her husband, Prince William, were sunbathing on vacation in southern France.

经证实，这组照片并非伪造。当时米德尔顿和她的丈夫威廉王子正在法国南部度假享受日光浴，显然有人用长焦镜头偷拍到这组照片。